Europe
From BioPolicyWiki
43 countries are located in Europe.
Table 1: Practices and technologies
Key
- PROHIBITED: This practice is prohibited by national law or policies having the force of law.
- regulated: This practice is allowed and regulated by national law or policies having the force of law.
- permitted: This practice is allowed by national law or policies having the force of law, but is not regulated.
- allowed: This practice is allowed by national law or policies having the force of law, but social uses are not prohibited.
- social uses prohibited: Social (or nonmedical) use of this practice is prohibited by national law or policies having the force of law.
- commercial prohibited: Commercial use of this practice is prohibited by national law or policies having the force of law, but non-commercial use is allowed.
- commercial allowed: Commercial use of this practice is allowed by national law or policies having the force of law.
- permitted: This practice is allowed by national law or policies having the force of law, but policies concerning compensation are unknown.
- unrecognized: Surrogacy contracts are explicitly unrecognized by national law or by other mechanism which carries the force of law.
- no policy: This practice is not addressed by national law or policies having the force of law.
- ?: It is unknown whether this practice is addressed by national law or policies having the force of law.
Note: The categories defined in the key and used in the table characterize the polices in any given country in a broad manner. Consult the page for each country for more detailed accounts of current policies.
You can click the icon in any column heading to sort by that column. To sort the other direction, click it again.
| Population | Eggs for assisted reproduction | Eggs for research | Inheritable genetic modification | Preimplantation genetic diagnosis | Reproductive cloning | Research cloning | Sex selection | Surrogacy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 3,600,523 | ? | ? | ? | ? | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | permitted |
| Andorra | 71,822 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | no policy |
| Austria | 8,316,487 | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
| Belarus | 9,689,800 | permitted | permitted | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | ? | ? | Social uses prohibited | commercial prohibited |
| Belgium | 10,584,534 | commercial prohibited | commercial prohibited | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | regulated | ? | commercial prohibited |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3,981,239 | ? | ? | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | ? | PROHIBITED | ? | no policy |
| Bulgaria | 7,933,000 | commercial prohibited | permitted | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | Social uses prohibited | commercial prohibited |
| Croatia | 4,453,500 | permitted | no policy | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | Social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED |
| Czech Republic | 10,381,130 | commercial prohibited | ? | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | commercial prohibited |
| Denmark | 5,475,791 | commercial allowed | permitted | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | Social uses prohibited | commercial prohibited |
| Estonia | 1,340,602 | commercial prohibited | commercial prohibited | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | no policy |
| Finland | 5,308,208 | commercial prohibited | commercial prohibited | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | regulated | Social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED |
| France | 64,473,140 | commercial allowed | commercial prohibited | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | Social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED |
| Germany | 82,210,000 | PROHIBITED | ? | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | Social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED |
| Greece | 11,216,708 | commercial prohibited | commercial prohibited | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | Social uses prohibited | commercial prohibited |
| Hungary | 10,053,000 | commercial allowed | commercial allowed | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | Social uses prohibited | commercial prohibited |
| Iceland | 316,252 | permitted | permitted | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | PROHIBITED |
| Ireland | 6,000,000 | commercial prohibited | ? | ? | ? | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | commercial prohibited |
| Italy | 59,448,163 | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | PROHIBITED |
| Latvia | 2,270,700 | permitted | permitted | ? | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | Social uses prohibited | commercial prohibited |
| Liechtenstein | 35,365 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | permitted |
| Lithuania | 3,369,600 | PROHIBITED | ? | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | commercial prohibited |
| Luxembourg | 480,222 | ? | ? | ? | ? | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | no policy |
| Macedonia | 2,038,514 | permitted | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Social uses prohibited | unrecognized |
| Malta | 402,000 | ? | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
| Moldova | 4,128,047 | ? | ? | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | PROHIBITED |
| Monaco | 32,671 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Montenegro | 684,736 | commercial prohibited | ? | ? | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | Social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED |
| Netherlands | 16,408,557 | commercial prohibited | commercial prohibited | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | Social uses prohibited | commercial prohibited |
| Norway | 4,752,735 | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | Social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED |
| Poland | 38,518,241 | ? | ? | PROHIBITED | ? | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | PROHIBITED |
| Portugal | 10,848,692 | permitted | ? | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | PROHIBITED |
| Romania | 22,246,862 | commercial prohibited | ? | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | no policy |
| Russia | 142,008,838 | commercial allowed | commercial allowed | ? | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | Social uses prohibited | commercial allowed |
| San Marino | 29,615 | ? | ? | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | ? | PROHIBITED | ? | ? |
| Serbia | 10,150,265 | permitted | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | PROHIBITED |
| Slovakia | 5,447,502 | permitted | ? | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | no policy |
| Slovenia | 2,023,358 | commercial prohibited | ? | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | ? | PROHIBITED |
| Spain | 45,200,737 | commercial prohibited | commercial allowed | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | regulated | ? | PROHIBITED |
| Sweden | 9,182,927 | commercial prohibited | permitted | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | regulated | Social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED |
| Switzerland | 7,591,400 | PROHIBITED | ? | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
| Ukraine | 46,372,700 | permitted | ? | ? | ? | PROHIBITED | ? | ? | commercial allowed |
| United Kingdom | 60,587,300 | commercial prohibited | commercial prohibited | PROHIBITED | social uses prohibited | PROHIBITED | regulated | Social uses prohibited | commercial prohibited |
Table 2: International agreements, UN cloning vote
Key
- RATIFIED: This country has ratified this measure, and thus agrees to abide by its provisions.
- signed: This country has signed this measure, indicating an intent to ratify it.
- n/a: This country is not a member of the intergovernmental organization responsible for this item.
- blank cell: This country has neither signed nor ratified this measure.
- YES: This country voted in favor of the Declaration, indicating support for a ban on both reproductive and research cloning.
- no: This country voted against the Declaration, indicating support for a ban on reproductive cloning only.
- abstain: This country took an official position of abstaining from voting on the Declaration.
- no vote: This country’s delegate was absent at the time of the vote, or otherwise refrained from voting.
You can click the icon in any column heading to sort by that column. To sort the other direction, click it again.
| Population | 1997 COE Biomedicine Convention | 1998 COE Cloning Convention | 2005 UN Cloning Vote | 2005 UNESCO Sports Doping Convention | 2007 Treaty of Lisbon | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 3,600,523 | YES | RATIFIED | n/a | ||
| Andorra | 71,822 | YES | n/a | |||
| Austria | 8,316,487 | YES | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | ||
| Belarus | 9,689,800 | no | ||||
| Belgium | 10,584,534 | no | RATIFIED | signed | ||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3,981,239 | RATIFIED | YES | n/a | ||
| Bulgaria | 7,933,000 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | no | RATIFIED | RATIFIED |
| Croatia | 4,453,500 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | YES | RATIFIED | |
| Czech Republic | 10,381,130 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | no | RATIFIED | signed |
| Denmark | 5,475,791 | RATIFIED | signed | no | RATIFIED | RATIFIED |
| Estonia | 1,340,602 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | no | RATIFIED | signed |
| Finland | 5,308,208 | signed | signed | no | RATIFIED | signed |
| France | 64,473,140 | signed | signed | no | RATIFIED | RATIFIED |
| Germany | 82,210,000 | YES | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | ||
| Greece | 11,216,708 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | no vote | RATIFIED | signed |
| Hungary | 10,053,000 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | YES | RATIFIED | RATIFIED |
| Iceland | 316,252 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | no | RATIFIED | |
| Ireland | 6,000,000 | YES | RATIFIED | signed | ||
| Italy | 59,448,163 | signed | signed | YES | RATIFIED | signed |
| Latvia | 2,270,700 | signed | signed | no | RATIFIED | RATIFIED |
| Liechtenstein | 35,365 | YES | ||||
| Lithuania | 3,369,600 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | no | RATIFIED | RATIFIED |
| Luxembourg | 480,222 | signed | signed | no | RATIFIED | signed |
| Macedonia | 2,038,514 | signed | signed | YES | ||
| Malta | 402,000 | YES | RATIFIED | |||
| Moldova | 4,128,047 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | abstained | RATIFIED | |
| Monaco | 32,671 | YES | RATIFIED | n/a | ||
| Montenegro | 684,736 | signed | n/a | |||
| Netherlands | 16,408,557 | signed | signed | no | RATIFIED | signed |
| Norway | 4,752,735 | RATIFIED | signed | no | RATIFIED | n/a |
| Poland | 38,518,241 | signed | signed | YES | RATIFIED | RATIFIED |
| Portugal | 10,848,692 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | YES | RATIFIED | RATIFIED |
| Romania | 22,246,862 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | abstained | RATIFIED | RATIFIED |
| Russia | 142,008,838 | no vote | RATIFIED | n/a | ||
| San Marino | 29,615 | RATIFIED | signed | YES | n/a | |
| Serbia | 10,150,265 | signed | abstained | n/a | ||
| Slovakia | 5,447,502 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | YES | RATIFIED | RATIFIED |
| Slovenia | 2,023,358 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | YES | RATIFIED | |
| Spain | 45,200,737 | RATIFIED | RATIFIED | no | RATIFIED | signed |
| Sweden | 9,182,927 | signed | signed | no | RATIFIED | signed |
| Switzerland | 7,591,400 | signed | signed | YES | ||
| Ukraine | 46,372,700 | signed | signed | abstained | RATIFIED | n/a |
| United Kingdom | 60,587,300 | no | RATIFIED | signed |
